Determination Of Organic Carbon Research Articles

Comparison of Determination Methods Total Organic Carbon in The Soil

Objective: This research aimed to compare two methods for determining soil organic carbon, in two soils with different textures.
  
 Method: Soil samples were collected in three locations (Dourados-MS, Chapadão do Sul-MS and Cassilândia-MS), with different textures (clayey and sandy), at a depth of 0-20 cm, to determine organic carbon . The results were subjected to statistical analysis, using the SAS version 6 software and the means were compared using the t test (p < 0.05). In the correlation study, linear regression analyzes were performed.
  
 Result and conclusion: There was variation in the soil organic carbon content (SOC) between the methods studied for both soils. Measuring soil samples by volume (spectrophotometer) modifies the results, regardless of the soil texture. There is greater variation between the data obtained in soils with a higher COS content than in soils where the COS content is lower. Furthermore, the results indicate the need for new studies in which soils from agricultural areas and under native vegetation are selected by soil classes, textures and types of land use.
  
 Research implications: Research related to comparison studies of SOC determination methods is of paramount importance, as there is a lack of information regarding the definition and recommendation of the most appropriate method.
  
 Originality/value: With this study it is possible to disseminate to the scientific community methods for determining SOC that make it possible at the same time to reduce the use of chemical reagents, without this negatively interfering with the quality of soil organic carbon determination.

Comparison of Determination Methods Total Organic Carbon in The Soil

Objective: This research aimed to compare two methods for determining soil organic carbon, in two soils with different textures.
  
 Method: Soil samples were collected in three locations (Dourados-MS, Chapadão do Sul-MS and Cassilândia-MS), with different textures (clayey and sandy), at a depth of 0-20 cm, to determine organic carbon . The results were subjected to statistical analysis, using the SAS version 6 software and the means were compared using the t test (p < 0.05). In the correlation study, linear regression analyzes were performed.
  
 Result and conclusion: There was variation in the soil organic carbon content (SOC) between the methods studied for both soils. Measuring soil samples by volume (spectrophotometer) modifies the results, regardless of the soil texture. There is greater variation between the data obtained in soils with a higher COS content than in soils where the COS content is lower. Furthermore, the results indicate the need for new studies in which soils from agricultural areas and under native vegetation are selected by soil classes, textures and types of land use.
  
 Research implications: Research related to comparison studies of SOC determination methods is of paramount importance, as there is a lack of information regarding the definition and recommendation of the most appropriate method.
  
 Originality/value: With this study it is possible to disseminate to the scientific community methods for determining SOC that make it possible at the same time to reduce the use of chemical reagents, without this negatively interfering with the quality of soil organic carbon determination.

Soils of xerophytic meadows of the Middle Podesen’ya: on the issues of accumulation of organic substances and biochemical activity

Relevance. Natural meadow communities, belonging to the dry meadows group, in the conditions of a decrease in floodplain of the leading water artery in the Bryansk region — the Desna River are characterized by significant changes in the mode of economic use. However, a significant part of dry meadows is used as pasture lands, so the regime of intensive exploitation of these lands significantly changes the ecological regimes of phytocenoses, reducing the carbon-depositing functions. For xerophytic (dry) meadows of natural origin, the establishment of soil carbon reserves, the identification of biochemical and microbiological activity is especially important in the light of the low stability of these communities under pasture load and wide distribution throughout the territory of the Middle Podesen’ya.Methods. The research provided for field route studies and in-house data processing using the methods of trial sites, the method of ecological and floral classification, the method of ecological scales (according to G. Ellenberg), ecological and chemical methods — determination of organic carbon, the weight method, biochemical and microbiological methods for the study of the biocompatible body.Results. For the soils of xerophytic (dry) meadows, for the first time, carbon-absorbing capacity, enzymatic activity for urease, catalase, cellulase, depending on the phytocenotic complex, has been established for the Middle Podesen’ya. A positive strong correlation has been established with organic carbon and average monthly precipitation in June, July and August. Over a two-year observation period, the amount of total organic carbon in the soil changed in a number of associations communities: Festuco ovinae-Koelerium delavignei > control > Agrimonio eupatoriae-Poetum angustifoliae > Caro carvi-Deschampsietum > Anthoxantho-Agrostietum tenuis > Hieracio pilosellae-Agrostietum tenuis > Koelerio delavignei-Festucetum rubrae > Anthyllidi-Trifolietum montani > Polygalo vulgaris-Anthoxanthoetum.

Ferrate(VI)/percarbonate for the oxidation of micropollutants: Interactive activation and release of low-concentration hydrogen peroxide for efficient electron utilization

A novel "ferrate/percarbonate (Fe(VI)/SPC) co-oxidation process" was used to treat ciprofloxacin (CIP) and various micropollutants (MPs), which owned better performance than mixture of Fe(VI), Na2CO3 and H2O2. The mechanism investigation found that the low-concentration H2O2 (1–2 µM) released by SPC can promote the high-valent iron intermediates (Fe(IV)/Fe(V)) of Fe(VI) to the MP oxidation, and Fe(VI) products can also activate SPC to produce hydroxyl radical (·OH). The interactive activation of Fe(VI) and SPC was realized, which retained the high selectivity of Fe(VI) to electron-rich pollutants, and also made up the oxidation of electron-deficient pollutants through •OH, improving the degradation effect of various MPs by 20–30%, and the rate constant was increased by 1 to 3 times. Moreover, non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) determination confirmed that •OH participation reduced the NPOC value of CIP from 5.43 mg/L to 4.37 mg/L. The transformation pathway of CIP showed that Fe(VI)/SPC resulted in more hydroxylation intermediates of CIP than Fe(VI) alone. Acute toxicity assays found that the photoinhibition rate of CIP treated with Fe(VI) alone was 14.5%, while the sample treated with Fe(VI)/SPC showed no significant photoinhibition effect, which proved that the new process had good detoxification properties for CIP.

Iron-removal learning machine for multicolor determination of soil organic carbon

Iron-removal learning machine for multicolor determination of soil organic carbon

Total Organic Carbon Determination by 13C CP/MAS Solid-State NMR in Unconventional Oil/Gas Source Rocks: A Case Study from the Neuquén and Cuyo Basins in Argentina

Total Organic Carbon Determination by ¹³C CP/MAS Solid-State NMR in Unconventional Oil/Gas Source Rocks: A Case Study from the Neuquén and Cuyo Basins in Argentina

Agroecological assessment of spatial variability of carbon content in the conditions of disturbed sod-podzolic soils

Soil carbon is one of the main carbon pools of terrestrial ecosystems. The carbon of arable soils is the most labile. In this regard, rapid and accurate methods for determining soil carbon in different forms are of great interest to researchers. Therefore, in this paper we decided to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of organic carbon determination using the Walkley-Black method (colorimetric method), the Dumas dry combustion method (using the CN Vario El Cube analyzer)) and the remote method using the Valeeva approach (Valeeva, Aleksandrova, Koposov, 2016) according to the values of the red channel of the spectrum, on the images obtained using an RGB camera mounted on a DJI Phantom 4 drone. For laboratory analysis, 100 soil samples of the arable horizon were collected at regular grid points, georeferenced using RTK. The correlation between the Dumas dry combustion method and potassium dichromate oxidation was 0.24 (for n = 100, significant p=0.195), allowing comparison at the trend level. The highest correlation (R = 0.39 was observed between the data obtained using the Dumas method and the Valeeva-Alexandrova approach, indicating that it can be used to estimate soil carbon dynamics from RGB images. Correlation analysis showed relationships (R = 0.63) between total carbon and microrelief, which is reflected by the drone-derived digital elevation model.

SOIL ERODIBILITY IN AREAS UNDER CITRUS (CITRUS SINENSIS L. OSBECK) AND FOREST IN RONDÔNIA, BRAZIL

Few studies have studied soil erodibility in areas that have undergone conversion processes from native forest to agricultural areas, especially in agricultural frontier regions. The present study aimed to evaluate soil erodibility in areas under citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and forest, using multivariate statistics and geostatistics in areas under different uses in Southern Rondônia, Brazil. A 42 × 30 m grid with regular spacing between sample points of 6 × 6 m was established for the studied native forest and citrus areas at depths of 0.00-0.20 m. At each sampling point, samples with preserved sod structure were collected at the evaluated depth for determination of soil texture and organic carbon, totaling 288 samples in the two studied areas. In the results it was observed that the area cultivated with citrus and under forest presented a greater predisposition of the soil to suffer erosion interril (Kiwepp), the citrus area also presented a greater susceptibility of the soil to suffer erosion in furrows (Krwepp), on the other hand, this area showed high values of critical shear stress, a fact that signals the resistance of the soil to the beginning of the erosive process. On the other hand, the forest area showed a greater predisposition to suffer erosion (K-factor), a fact possibly linked to the high values of silt and sand, which favored the present erodibility conditions.

Organic and inorganic carbon storage in riparian zones of Central European rivers – A comparison of methods for their determination

Increasing interest in carbon storage and fluxes in river systems opens space for comparison of methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (TIC) in soil/sediment samples. We analysed 150 soil (leptosols and fluvisols) and sediment samples from three rivers using methods mostly used in studies. Widely used dry combustion method (with CO2 detection) for determination of TOC and TIC was compared with other methods for determination TOC (modified Walkley–Black method), total organic matter (TOM determined by loss on ignition) and TIC (calcimeter, loss on ignition). Furthermore, we proposed a procedure for calculation TOC from TOM together with relative standard deviation resulting from this conversion. Our results showed that the modified Walkley–Black method provides almost identical results of TOC as dry combustion and therefore can be used as an alternative method for the determination of TOC. A strong correlation was found between TOC and TOM (R2 = 0.97 for both methods for determination TOC). The mean relative deviation of TOC values resulting from calculation TOC based on TOM varied between 10.1% and 14.5%. Thus, the calculation TOC from TOM is possible, but only with deviations referred to above. We suggest that for samples with TOM values below 1%, the TOC values cannot be reliably calculated, and in this case, the dry combustion or modified Walkley–Black method must be used for TOC determination. TIC values determined by the three methods vary to a greater extent than those of organic carbon. We assume that in the case of low TIC content (below 1%), various methods can give markedly different results. Due to the higher relative standard deviation in case of dry combustion, it is probably better to use a calcimeter for the determination of TIC in samples with TIC content below 1%.

Characterization of the degradation products of biodegradable and traditional plastics on UV irradiation and mechanical abrasion

Biodegradable plastics are popular alternatives to traditional plastics in packaging, mulch sheets, and other applications. However, there are concerns regarding the potential for pollution as a result of their abiotic degradation. In this study, we investigated the degradation of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate/polylactic acid (PBAT/PLA) and traditional polyethylene (PE) plastic under two typical abiotic conditions: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and mechanical abrasion (MA) for up to nine months. The physical and chemical properties of the two plastics during the degradation period were assessed. In addition, quantitative analysis of the degradation products was carried out using a new method called membrane filtration and total organic carbon determination (MF-TOCD). The results revealed that PBAT/PLA underwent a greater number of changes in surface morphology, thermal stability, and mass loss compared to PE when exposed to UV and MA during the test period. Further analysis of the released products revealed that PBAT/PLA released more products than PE. Overall, PE mainly produced microplastics (MPs) larger than 0.22 μm, whereas PBAT/PLA produced products <0.22 μm (nanoplastics and soluble molecules) on UV exposure. In contrast, when subjected to MA, PBAT/PLA produced MPs larger than 0.22 μm, and these accumulated gradually; this behavior is similar to that of PE. By combining the mass loss and the TOC data for the degradation products, we determined that long-term UV irradiation generated a large number of smaller particles from PBAT/PLA that could further degrade rather than accumulate in the environment. In summary, we established a new method to separate and characterize MPs as well as nanoplastics and soluble molecules, and provided new insights into the fate of PBAT/PLA during abiotic degradation.

Characterisation of vehicle emissions in a road tunnel in Lisbon

In urban areas, road traffic is one of the main sources of air pollutants, mainly as particulate matter (PM). Knowledge about fingerprints of vehicle emissions under real-world driving conditions is scarce for Europe, especially in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterise and quantify vehicle emissions through road tunnel measurements. The sampling campaign was carried out during one week inside a road tunnel and simultaneously in an urban background site in Lisbon. PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 filters were analysed by PIXE for elemental composition and by a thermal-optical transmittance technique for the determination of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were, at least, 20 and 10 times higher than those found in the background, respectively. Inside the tunnel, particle organic matter (POM), EC and other anthropogenic compounds accounted for more than 90.0% of the PM2.5 mass. Fe, Ca, Si, S and Cu represented 88.7% of the PM2.5-bound elements, while Fe, Cl, Ca, Si, Cu, Zn, Na, S, Ba mostly contributed to the PM2.5–10 elemental mass fraction (93.8%). Total carbon represented about 58.5% of PM2.5 and 26.5% of PM2.5–10. EC presented a high tunnel/background ratio (T/B = 35.4 for PM2.5 and 48.8 for PM2.5–10). Cu, Fe, Cr, Ba, Mn, Zn and Rb, which are key tracers of tyre and brake wear, showed a T/B > 70 and very good correlations between them. The emission factors (EF) of PM2.5 and PM10 were estimated to be 139 ± 20.7 and 172 ± 23.9 mg veh−1 km−1. The average EF of OC and EC in PM2.5 were 30.9 ± 6.48 and 44.6 ± 7.33 mg veh−1 km−1. This real-world study contributes to define road traffic emission profiles in urban areas, provide data to update European emission inventories, and evaluate the impact of traffic-generated PM on human health and the environment.

Product migration and regional reaction characteristics in the autothermic pyrolysis in-situ conversion process of low-permeability Huadian oil shale core

Product migration and regional reaction characteristics of low-permeability oil shale cores in the autothermic pyrolysis in-situ conversion have not been investigated. In this study, an in-situ autothermic pyrolysis simulation experiment was conducted using a pressed cylindrical Huadian oil shale core, and systematic geochemical analyses were performed at different regions of the core after the experiments. The results showed that a clear thin grey-white main channel was formed inside the low-permeability core from the gas injection end to the outlet end because of the uneven advancement of the autothermic reaction after the experiment. Moreover, the free hydrocarbon products mainly transported along the main channel towards the outlet end and formed a significant accumulation at the end of the core. In addition, according to the results of pyrolysis hydrocarbon and total organic carbon determination, the core was divided into four typical reaction zones: autothermic, cracking, preheating, and virgin, which were distributed sequentially outwards along both sides of the main channel. Finally, based on the above results and analysis, two construction strategies were suggested for the autothermic pyrolysis in-situ conversion process.

A Review on the Characterization and Measurement of the Carbonaceous Fraction of Particulate Matter

The carbonaceous particles represent a significant fraction in the particulate matter (PM) and are considered an environmental hazard due to their effects on climate and health. The main goal in this research is to identify and analyze the scope that have been achieved so far on the characterization and measurement of the carbonaceous fraction present in PM, a great contribution to global pollution and thus to the deterioration of public health. The ProKnow-C methodology was used to build a bibliographic portfolio and perform a bibliometric and systemic analysis of the information found in the chosen databases. The contribution of these carbonaceous compounds to PM is very significant, reaching values up to 50%. The most used methods for the determination of organic and elemental carbon are thermo-optical reflectance and transmittance. Positive Factorization models are used worldwide to determine potential sources of particulate matter emissions. Even though various studies have been developed to understand these carbonaceous substances, there are several limitations in the measurements and limited knowledge on the subject. The positive outcomes and future possibilities were analyzed as well.

Comparison of methodological approaches to the determination of organic carbon in wastes of mining, processing and combustion of coal

The content of organic carbon is one of the key indicators in determining the areas of using waste of mining, processing and combustion of coal. The measurement results obtained by existing measurement methods are often incomparable to each other, which does not allow obtaining a reliable information about the waste composition. The goal of this study is to generalize current methodological approaches and choose the most effective one for determining the content of organic carbon in samples of waste of mining, processing and combustion of coal. Three most appropriate methods were selected proceeding from the analysis of the methods used for determining organic carbon in various natural and technogenic objects. Method No. 1 is based on the calculation of organic carbon content as the difference between total carbon measured by a CHN analyzer and carbonate carbon determined by the gravimetric method. In method No. 2, the determination of organic carbon content is carried out through the determination of the ash, moisture and carbonate carbon content. Method No. 3 includes demineralization of the sample with hydrochloric acid, drying, and calcination of the resulting residue. The samples of waste of mining, processing and combustion of coal with mass fraction of organic carbon from 0 to 60% were used as objects of the research. According to the results of experimental studies and taking into account possible limitations, measurement procedure based on method No. 3 for determining the content of unburned carbon in ash and slag from a thermal power plant was chosen. The applicability of the newly developed measurement procedure was verified for an extended area of objects, which includes, in addition to the samples of coal combustion waste, the samples of waste of their mining and processing. The comparability of the results obtained by other methods was demonstrated, and a preliminary assessment of the metrological characteristics was performed. The measurement procedure can be used in analysis of the reference samples used for construction of the calibration characteristics in the determination of organic carbon by instrumental methods, as well as in the determination of the metrological characteristics of the reference materials of the composition of waste of mining, processing and combustion of coal.

Thirty years of nutrients and biogeochemistry in the Norwegian, Greenland and Iceland Seas, 1990–2019

This dataset contains biogeochemical samples analyzed by the Plankton Chemistry Laboratory at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), from the Norwegian, Greenland and Iceland Seas. Number of surveys and stations have varied greatly over the last 3 decades. IMR is conducting one annual Ecosystem Survey in April-May each year, with multiple trawl surveys and net tows, but only CTD water collections are reported here. This month-long exercise also has companion vessels from Iceland and the Faroe Islands surveying their own territorial waters. Three transects are the core of the time-series, visited multiple times each year (Svinøy-NorthWest, Gimsøy-NorthWest, Bjørnøya-West). On each station, the CTD cast is sampled for dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments (ChlA, Phaeo) at predetermined depths. At times, short-term projects have collected samples for Winkler dissolved oxygen titrations (DOW) and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC, PN) determinations. This unique data set has seen limited use over the years but is a great contribution towards global ocean research and climate change investigations.

Bayesian Inference Approach to Quantify Primary and Secondary Organic Carbon in Fine Particulate Matter Using Major Species Measurements.

The determination of primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) in fine particulate matter using ambient measurements is essential in atmospheric chemistry. A novel Bayesian inference (BI) approach is proposed to achieve such quantification using only major component measurement data and tested in two case studies. One case study composes of filter-based daily compositional data made in the Pearl River Delta region, China, during 2012, while the other uses online measurement data recorded at the Dianshan Lake monitoring site in Shanghai in wintertime 2019. Source-specific organic trace measurement data are available in both the cases so that positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis is performed, where PMF-resolved POC and SOC are used as the best available reference values for model evaluation. Meanwhile, traditional techniques, i.e., minimum ratio value, minimum R squared, and multiple linear regression, are also employed and evaluated. For both the cases, the BI models have shown significant advantages in accurately estimating POC and SOC amounts over conventional methods. Further analysis suggests that using sulfate as the SOC tracer in BI model gives the best model performance. This methodological advance provides an improved and practical tool to derive POC and SOC levels for addressing PM-related environmental impacts.

Identification of the cause of the difference among TOC quantitative methods according to the water sample characteristics

Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis with accurate determination of particulate organic carbon (POC) content in suspended solids (SS) containing water is critical for evaluating the environmental impact of particulate organic pollutants in water and calculating the carbon cycle mass balance. TOC analysis is divided into the non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) and differential (known as TC-TIC) methods; although the selection of method is greatly affected by the sample matrix characteristics of SS, no studies have investigated this. This study quantitatively evaluates the effect of SS containing inorganic carbon (IC) and purgeable organic carbon (PuOC), as well as that of sample pretreatment, on the accuracy and precision of TOC measurement in both methods for various environmental water sample types (12 wastewater influents and effluents and 12 types of stream water). For influent and stream water with high SS, the TC-TIC method expressed 110–200 % higher TOC recovery than that for the NPOC method due to POC component losses in SS owing to its conversion into PuOC during sample pretreatment (using ultrasonic) and subsequent loss in the NPOC purging process. Correlation analysis confirmed that particulated organic matter (POM, mg/L) content in SS directly affected this difference (r > 0.74, p < 0.01, n = 24); for POC water samples (those containing >10 mg/L of POM) featuring purgeable dissolved organic matter, TC-TIC was appropriate in securing TOC measurement accuracy. In constrast, in effluent and stream water with low SS (i.e., < ∼5 mg/L) and high IC (> 70 %) contents, the TOC measurement ratios (TC-TIC/NPOC) of both methods were similar, between 0.96 and 1.08, suggesting that NPOC is appropriate for improving precision. Our results provide useful basic data to establish the most reliable TOC analysis method considering SS contents and its properties along with the matrix characteristics of the sample.

Introducing the 3R Program in Teaching Laboratories to Promote Sustainability Science through Miniaturization Studies on the Spectrophotometric Determination of Organic Carbon and Phosphorus in Soil

The general assembly meeting of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2015 adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at achieving a better and more sustainable world by 2030. Incorporating sustainable values through a series of pedagogical strategies into university curricula to help future professionals enhance their understanding of sustainability and how they relate to it is one of the crucial steps to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through education. Inspired by the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and the “3R” (reduce, recycle, and reuse) approach, a laboratory experiment has been developed to illustrate the basic concept of reaction miniaturization step by step. This article presents a novel experimental design consisting of 7 sessions, which includes all elements of the 3R approach. Herein, students miniaturize the conventional calorimetric determination of soil organic carbon (OC) and soil available phosphorus (P) utilizing recycled microtips and microcentrifuge tubes. Students apply their critical thinking abilities to compute and compare the waste generated, the analysis cost, and the time required for each test using the conventional approach (CA) and miniature approach (MA). They further assess the greenness of both approaches using the open-source Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) software. While students carry out these experiments, they acquire laboratory skills and reinforce their understanding of sustainability, Beer–Lambert law, how OC relates to the bioavailability of anionic nutrients such as PO43– phosphate species, and how such relationships can statistically vary based on the methods applied. Learning outcomes were assessed to evaluate the experimental design.

Characteristics and Significance of Acid-Soluble Organic Matter in Marine Carbonate Source Rocks

Since the 1950s, major breakthroughs have been made in the field of carbonate oil and gas exploration, and large reservoirs have been found in carbonate strata in many countries; however, the validity of highly evolved carbonate source rocks has been controversial. Because of the loss of organic carbon during acid-solution processing in conventional total organic carbon (TOC) determination, we decided to use a new method of reducing acid-solution losses in order to more effectively quantify acid-soluble organic matter in carbonate rock samples. Different levels of acid-soluble organic matter were present in different types of samples, and there was no positive correlation between the content of acid-soluble organic matter and conventionally measured TOC values. However, the thermal evolutionary maturity of samples with high acid-soluble organic matter content is relatively low, and the high hydrocarbon generation conversion rate of acid-soluble organic matter and conventional TOC in carbonate rocks is an important reason for the low residual TOC in highly evolved carbonate rocks. The new method is helpful in re-evaluating the abundance of organic matter in carbonate rocks and in providing evidence for studying hydrocarbon generation and the hydrocarbon capacity of carbonate source rocks.

English

In Rwanda, the traditional fired solid bricks embody high fuel consumption and quantity of clay during their molding. Traditional solid bricks are also heavy compared to perforated bricks. This study aimed at investigating the performance of perforated clay bricks made of clay soil (CS) mixed with charcoal waste (CW) as an additive. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of CS mixed with 0, 10, 30, 40 and 50% of CW were determined. The bricks were extruded manually with the inclusion of a varied number of perforations: 4, 8, 12 and 15 number perforations. The chemical analysis included the determination of organic carbon, exchangeable acidity and chemical components (through XRD) in the soil matrix. The chemical analysis depicted an increase in CaO proportions with an increase in charcoal waste content. There was also an increase in the amounts of exchangeable cations. The research found that with an increase in perforations, weight loss is reduced. However, non-perforated bricks depicted the least abrasion resistance, followed by bricks with 4 perforations. As the CW content increased from 0 to 50%, bricks with 15 and 12 perforations displayed the highest abrasion resistance. The research concludes that an increase in charcoal waste led to an increase in the linear shrinkage of clay soil bricks due to increased calcium cations and reduced magnesium cations in the soil. An optimum of 30% of charcoal waste was identified for the linear shrinkage of clay soil bricks. Bricks having 12 perforations and below with 30% charcoal waste additive can be categorized as category I (load-bearing) bricks.